Construction and evaluation of tumor photothermal immunotherapy platform based on gold nanorods
Background: Cancer is a disease that seriously endangers human health. The current treatment methods mainly include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but these methods have the problems of high trauma, strong side effects and high drug resistance 1. In order to improve the efficiency and safety of tumor treatment, photothermal therapy as a new non-invasive tumor treatment has attracted extensive attention and research in recent years. Photothermal therapy is the process of using photothermal converter to convert light energy into heat energy under the excitation of external light source, so as to kill tumor cells. Gold nanorods are a commonly used photothermal conversion agent with excellent optical properties and biocompatibility, which can produce strong local surface plasmon resonance effect in the near infrared region and realize efficient photothermal conversion. However, simple photothermal therapy is often difficult to completely eliminate tumor cells, and easily lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, combining photothermal therapy with other therapeutic methods to achieve synergistic therapeutic effect is an effective strategy. Immunotherapy is a method that uses the body's own immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, which is highly specific and durable. However, tumor cells can often evade surveillance and attack by the immune system through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in limited effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, how to activate and enhance the body's immune response to tumor cells is the key to improve the effect of immunotherapy.
Project information: This project aims to construct and evaluate a tumor photothermal immunotherapy platform based on gold nanorods for achieving synergistic therapeutic effects on tumors. In this study, gold nanorods will be used as the core carrier and given the following functions by means of surface modification and drug loading:
Tumor targeting: By modifying ligands with tumor-specific binding ability (such as folic acid, antibodies, etc.), highly selective targeting of tumor cells is achieved;
Photosensitizer loading: By loading molecules with photosensitive activity (such as porphyrins, etc.) to achieve photodynamic killing of tumor cells;
Immunomodulator load: By loading molecules with the ability to regulate immune response (such as cytokines, antigen peptides, etc.), to achieve the activation and enhancement of the body's immune system;
Immune checkpoint inhibitor loading: Blocking and overcoming tumor immune escape by loading molecules (such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, etc.) that inhibit immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment.
Project content:
Designed and synthesized gold nanorod composites with the above functions, and characterized and evaluated them.
To evaluate the biocompatibility and safety of gold nanorod complexes in vitro and in vivo;
To evaluate the tumor targeting, photosensitivity and immunomodulatory effects of gold nanorods complex in vitro and in vivo;
To evaluate the efficacy of gold nanorod complex in tumor photothermal immunotherapy in vivo and compare it with single therapy.
To explore the application potential and advantages of gold nanorods complex in tumor collaborative therapy.
Topic innovation:
Gold nanorods were used as the core carrier to realize the efficient loading and synergistic effect of multiple functional molecules, and improve the efficiency and safety of tumor therapy.
The photothermal conversion effect of gold nanorods can be used to kill tumor cells directly, and the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells can be induced through photodynamic effect and immunomodulatory effect, and the anti-tumor immune response can be activated.
The immune checkpoint inhibitors supported by gold nanorods were used to block immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, enhance the body's ability to clear tumor cells, and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.
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